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Cuticular lipid profiles of selected species of cyclocephaline beetles (Melolonthidae, Cyclocephalini)
- Geanne Karla N. Santos, Daniela Maria do Amaral F. Navarro, Artur Campos D. Maia
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- Journal:
- Bulletin of Entomological Research / Volume 114 / Issue 1 / February 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 January 2024, pp. 124-133
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Neotropical cyclocephaline beetles, a diverse group of flower-loving insects, significantly impact natural and agricultural ecosystems. In particular, the genus Cyclocephala, with over 350 species, displays polymorphism and cryptic complexes. Lacking a comprehensive DNA barcoding framework, accessible tools for species differentiation are needed for research in taxonomy, ecology, and crop management. Moreover, cuticular hydrocarbons are believed to be involved in sexual recognition mechanisms in these beetles. In the present study we examined the cuticular chemical profiles of six species from the genus Cyclocephala and two populations of Erioscelis emarginata and assessed their efficiency in population, species, and sex differentiation. Overall we identified 74 compounds in cuticular extracts of the selected taxa. Linear alkanes and unsaturated hydrocarbons were prominent, with ten compounds between them explaining 85.6% of species dissimilarity. Although the cuticular chemical profiles efficiently differentiated all investigated taxa, only C. ohausiana showed significant cuticular profile differences between sexes. Our analysis also revealed two E. emarginata clades within a larger group of ‘Cyclocephala’ species, but they were not aligned with the two studied populations. Our research underscores the significance of cuticular lipid profiles in distinguishing selected cyclocephaline beetle species and contemplates their potential impact as contact pheromones on sexual segregation and speciation.
Yield and nutritive value of Stylosanthes spp. genotypes subjected to different harvest frequencies and seasons of the year
- W. P. S. Diniz, M. V. F. Santos, M. V. Cunha, M. A. Lira Junior, D. E. Simões Neto, O. F. Oliveira, G. G. Leal, A. C. L. Mello, L. S. Santos
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- The Journal of Agricultural Science / Volume 161 / Issue 6 / December 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 January 2024, pp. 808-816
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Productive and nutritional traits of forage species in various regions worldwide depend on different management strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of harvest frequency (56, 77 and 98 days) and season of the year (rainy and dry) on the nutritional value and fractionation of carbohydrates and proteins of Stylosanthes genotypes (S. seabrana, S. scabra, S. mucronata and Stylosanthes spp. cv. Campo Grande). The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement and four repetitions. Contents of neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM), condensed tannins and total phenolic compounds were influenced by the interaction of harvest frequency and season of the year. The 98-day harvest frequency resulted in lower IVDDM (579 g/kg) due to the high NDF and ADF concentrations during the rainy season. S. seabrana and S. scabra showed a higher proportion of A + B1 and B2 carbohydrate fractions, while the C fraction in the rainy season was greater in the Campo Grande, resembling S. seabrana. S. scabra displayed 15% of the crude protein in fraction A. The bromatological traits of Stylosanthes spp. did not decline sharply owing to plant age advancement, indicating these genotypes are suitable for forage production systems in tropical or semiarid regions.
Proton and helium ions acceleration in near-critical density gas targets by short-pulse Ti:Sa PW-class laser
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- J.L. Henares, P. Puyuelo-Valdes, C. Salgado-López, J.I. Apiñaniz, P. Bradford, F. Consoli, D. de Luis, M. Ehret, F. Hannachi, R. Hernández-Martín, A. Huber, L. Lancia, M. Mackeviciute, A. Maitrallain, J.-R. Marquès, J.A. Pérez-Hernández, C. Santos, J.J. Santos, V. Stankevic, M. Tarisien, V. Tomkus, L. Volpe, G. Gatti
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- Journal:
- Journal of Plasma Physics / Volume 89 / Issue 6 / December 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 December 2023, 965890601
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The ability to quickly refresh gas-jet targets without cycling the vacuum chamber makes them a promising candidate for laser-accelerated ion experiments at high repetition rate. Here we present results from the first high repetition rate ion acceleration experiment on the VEGA-3 PW-class laser at CLPU. A near-critical density gas-jet target was produced by forcing a 1000 bar H$_2$ and He gas mix through bespoke supersonic shock nozzles. Proton energies up to 2 MeV were measured in the laser forward direction and 2.2 MeV transversally. He$^{2+}$ ions up to 5.8 MeV were also measured in the transverse direction. To help maintain a consistent gas density profile over many shots, nozzles were designed to produce a high-density shock at distances larger than 1 mm from the nozzle exit. We outline a procedure for optimizing the laser–gas interaction by translating the nozzle along the laser axis and using different nozzle materials. Several tens of laser interactions were performed with the same nozzle which demonstrates the potential usefulness of gas-jet targets as high repetition rate particle source.
Advocacy at the Eighth World Congress of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery
- Bistra Zheleva, Amy Verstappen, David M. Overman, Farhan Ahmad, Sulafa K.M. Ali, Zohair Y. Al Halees, Joumana Ghandour Atallah, Isabella E. Badhwar, Carissa Baker-Smith, Maria Balestrini, Amy Basken, Jonah S. Bassuk, Lee Benson, Horacio Capelli, Santo Carollo, Devyani Chowdhury, M. Sertaç Çiçek, Mitchell I. Cohen, David S. Cooper, John E. Deanfield, Joseph Dearani, Blanca del Valle, Kathryn M. Dodds, Junbao Du, Frank Edwin, Ekanem Ekure, Nurun Nahar Fatema, Anu Gomanju, Babar Hasan, Lewis Henry, Christopher Hugo-Hamman, Krishna S. Iyer, Marcelo B. Jatene, Kathy J. Jenkins, Tara Karamlou, Tom R. Karl, James K. Kirklin, Christián Kreutzer, Raman Krishna Kumar, Keila N. Lopez, Alexis Palacios Macedo, Bradley S. Marino, Eva M. Marwali, Folkert J. Meijboom, Sandra S. Mattos, Hani Najm, Dan Newlin, William M. Novick, Sir Shakeel A. Qureshi, Budi Rahmat, Robert Raylman, Irfan Levent Saltik, Craig Sable, Nestor Sandoval, Anita Saxena, Emma Scanlan, Gary F. Sholler, Jodi Smith, James D. St Louis, Christo I. Tchervenkov, Koh Ghee Tiong, Vladimiro Vida, Susan Vosloo, Douglas J. “DJ” Weinstein, James L. Wilkinson, Liesl Zuhlke, Jeffrey P. Jacobs
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- Journal:
- Cardiology in the Young / Volume 33 / Issue 8 / August 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 24 August 2023, pp. 1277-1287
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The Eighth World Congress of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery (WCPCCS) will be held in Washington DC, USA, from Saturday, 26 August, 2023 to Friday, 1 September, 2023, inclusive. The Eighth World Congress of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery will be the largest and most comprehensive scientific meeting dedicated to paediatric and congenital cardiac care ever held. At the time of the writing of this manuscript, The Eighth World Congress of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery has 5,037 registered attendees (and rising) from 117 countries, a truly diverse and international faculty of over 925 individuals from 89 countries, over 2,000 individual abstracts and poster presenters from 101 countries, and a Best Abstract Competition featuring 153 oral abstracts from 34 countries. For information about the Eighth World Congress of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, please visit the following website: [www.WCPCCS2023.org]. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the activities related to global health and advocacy that will occur at the Eighth World Congress of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery.
Acknowledging the need for urgent change, we wanted to take the opportunity to bring a common voice to the global community and issue the Washington DC WCPCCS Call to Action on Addressing the Global Burden of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Diseases. A copy of this Washington DC WCPCCS Call to Action is provided in the Appendix of this manuscript. This Washington DC WCPCCS Call to Action is an initiative aimed at increasing awareness of the global burden, promoting the development of sustainable care systems, and improving access to high quality and equitable healthcare for children with heart disease as well as adults with congenital heart disease worldwide.
Evaluation of sperm and hormonal assessments in Wagyu, Nellore, and Angus bulls
- A. R. Moura, A. R. Santos, Jr, J. D. A. Losano, A. F. P. Siqueira, T. R. S. Hamilton, R. Zanella, K. C. Caires, R. Simões
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Wagyu bulls are known to have a highly exacerbated libido, as shown by the intense sexual interest of young calves. Therefore we believe that Wagyu male animals have specialized Sertoli and Leydig cells that are directly involved with the sexual precocity in this breed as mature bulls have a small scrotal circumference. This study aimed to evaluate whether there were differences in the hormone and sperm characteristics of Wagyu bulls compared with the same characteristics of subspecies Bos indicus and Bos taurus sires. Frozen–thawed semen from Wagyu, Nellore, and Angus sires were analyzed for sperm kinetics (computer-assisted sperm analysis), plasma membrane integrity, chromatin integrity, acrosome status, mitochondrial activity, lipid peroxidation and hormone [luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone] serum concentration. The results showed that Wagyu had lower total motility and an increased number of sperm with no motility when compared with Nellore and Angus bulls. Wagyu breed did not differ from those breeds when considering plasma and acrosome membranes integrity, mitochondrial potential, chromatin resistance, sperm lipid peroxidation or hormone (LH and testosterone) concentrations. We concluded that Wagyu sires had lower total motility when compared with Nellore and Angus bulls. Wagyu breed did not differ from these breeds when considering plasma and acrosome membranes integrity, mitochondrial potential, chromatin resistance, sperm lipid peroxidation, or hormone (LH and testosterone) concentrations.
Establishing Disorder-Specific and Transdiagnostic Neural Features of Psychiatric Disorders Through Large-Scale Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Meta-Analyses
- C. H. Miller, E. Pritchard, S. Saravia, M. Duran, S. L. Santos, J. P. Hamilton, D. W. Hedges, I. H. Gotlib, M. D. Sacchet
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S547-S548
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Introduction
Meta-analyses of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have been used to elucidate the most reliable neural features associated with various psychiatric disorders. However, it has not been well-established whether each of these neural features is linked to a specific disorder or is transdiagnostic across multiple disorders and disorder categories, including mood, anxiety, and anxiety-related disorders.
ObjectivesThis project aims to advance our understanding of the disorder-specific and transdiagnostic neural features associated with mood, anxiety, and anxiety-related disorders as well as to refine the methodology used to compare multiple disorders.
MethodsWe conducted an exhaustive PubMed literature search followed by double-screening, double-extraction, and cross-checking to identify all whole-brain, case-control fMRI activation studies of mood, anxiety, and anxiety-related disorders in order to construct a large-scale meta-analytic database of primary studies of these disorders. We then employed multilevel kernel density analysis (MKDA) with Monte-Carlo simulations to correct for multiple comparisons as well as ensemble thresholding to reduce cluster size bias to analyze primary fMRI studies of mood, anxiety, and anxiety-related disorders followed by application of triple subtraction techniques and a second-order analysis to elucidate the disorder-specificity of the previously identified neural features.
ResultsWe found that participants diagnosed with mood, anxiety, and anxiety-related disorders exhibited statistically significant (p < .05 – 0.0001; FWE-corrected) differences in neural activation relative to healthy controls throughout the cerebral cortex, limbic system, and basal ganglia. In addition, each of these psychiatric disorders exhibited a particular profile of neural features that ranged from disorder-specific, to category-specific, to transdiagnostic.
ConclusionsThese findings indicate that psychiatric disorders exhibit a complex profile of neural features that vary in their disorder-specificity and can be detected with large-scale fMRI meta-analytic techniques. This approach has potential to fundamentally transform neuroimaging investigations of clinical disorders by providing a novel procedure for establishing disorder-specificity of observed results, which can be then used to advance our understanding of individual disorders as well as broader nosological issues related to diagnosis and classification of psychiatric disorders.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Do we have an “anti-stigmotic”? – Addressing Mental-Illness Related Stigma as the main issue
- C. Cabaços, J. Andrade, F. Pocinho, M. Carneiro, G. Santos, D. Loureiro, A. Macedo
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S1031
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Introduction
For people with mental illness, internalized stigma, also referred to as self-stigma, is characterized by a subjective perception of devaluation, marginalization, secrecy, shame, and withdrawal. It has many adverse effects on individual’s psychological well-being and clinical outcomes. The iatrogenic effects it has during psychotherapeutic treatment can significantly reduce utilization of mental health care services, reduce quality of life and increase avoidant coping. Overall, internalized stigma is considered a risk factor for poorer mental health prognosis. Although some interventions have recently been developed to specifically intervene on this target as part of psychological recovery goals over the course of treatment, most clinicians are not yet aware or empowered to correctly address this.
ObjectivesDescription of a clinical case illustrating the relevance on addressing internalized mental illness related stigma during the recovery process.
MethodsClinical case report and review of the literature on the subject.
ResultsWe present the case of a 47-year-old female patient, C.S., single, graduated in social work (currently unemployed), who was admitted at the Psychiatry Day Hospital, where she was referred by her Psychiatry Assistant because of abulia, social withdrawal and isolation, depressed mood, thoughts of shame, guilt and self-devaluation and work incapacity. She had been admitted in the Psychiatry ward one year earlier for a first psychotic breakthrough, presenting persecutory and grandiose delusions and auditory hallucinations. After three weeks of inpatient treatment with antipsychotics, a full remission of the symptoms was achieved, without any posterior relapse. Before that first psychotic episode, the patient had been taking anti-depressive medication (escitalopram 20 mg id) for many years, prescribed by her General Practitioner, for mild to moderate depressive symptoms. After being discharged from the Psychiatry ward, C. kept following an outpatient treatment with anti-depressives and behavioural activation-based psychotherapy. She started to believe she was mentally ill and therefore weak, uncapable, and less deserving than her peers or her previous self. These self-stigmatizing ideas were enhanced by the lack of family support and the beliefs that were fostered by her mother, with whom she started to live after the hospitalization. These factors led to a dysfunctional internalization of an illness behaviour, jeopardizing the patient’s ability to reach full recovery.
ConclusionsThis case reinforces the importance of targeting mental illness related stigma during the recovery process. Also, involving the family is of extreme importance to achieve support and address shared beliefs and the interchange between social and internalized stigma.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Neural Abnormalities Associated with Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Meta-Analysis of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Activation Studies
- S. K. Kahlon, Z. Ali, E. Pritchard, S. Saravia, C. Baten, A. M. Klassen, J. H. Shepherd, G. Zamora, J. Jordan, M. Duran, S. L. Santos, D. W. Hedges, J. P. Hamilton, M. D. Sacchet, C. H. Miller
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S452
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Introduction
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a highly prevalent mental illness that is associated with clinically significant distress, functional impairment, and poor emotional regulation. Primary functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of GAD report neural abnormalities in comparison to healthy controls. However, many of these findings in the primary literature are inconsistent, and it is unclear whether they are specific to GAD or shared transdiagnostically across related disorders.
ObjectivesThis meta-analysis seeks to establish the most reliable neural abnormalities observed in individuals with GAD, as reported in the primary fMRI activation literature.
MethodsWe conducted an exhaustive literature search in PubMed to identify primary studies that met our pre-specified inclusion criteria and then extracted relevant data from primary, whole-brain fMRI activation studies of GAD that reported coordinates in Talairach or MNI space. We then used multilevel kernel density analysis (MKDA) with ensemble thresholding to examine the differences between adults with GAD and healthy controls in order to identify brain regions that reached statistical significance across primary studies.
ResultsPatients with GAD showed statistically significant (α=0.05–0.0001; family-wise-error-rate corrected) neural activation in various regions of the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia across a variety of experimental tasks.
ConclusionsThese results inform our understanding of the neural basis of GAD and are interpreted using a frontolimbic model of anxiety as well as specific clinical symptoms of this disorder and its relation to other mood and anxiety disorders. These results also suggest possible novel targets for emerging neurostimulation therapies (e.g., transcranial magnetic stimulation) and may be used to advance our understanding of the effects of current pharmaceutical treatments and ways to improve treatment selection and symptom-targeting for patients diagnosed with GAD.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
DOCTOR, I’M PREGNANT. Psychopharmacological treatment of depression in pregnant women. A clinical case of a pregnant woman and major depressive disorder
- M. Queipo De Llano De La Viuda, G. Guerra Valera, C. Vallecillo Adame, C. De Andrés Lobo, T. Jiménez Aparicio, M. Fernández Lozano, I. D. L. M. Santos Carrasco, N. De Uribe Viloria
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S1011
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Introduction
Depression during pregnancy can appear with a prevalence of up to 11% of pregnant women. Psychotherapeutic treatment in these cases is considered the first option, but treatment with antidepressants is sometimes required in these cases.
ObjectivesTo present a clinical case of a pregnant patient diagnosed with depression.
MethodsLiterature review of the psychopharmacological treatment of depression during pregnancy and possible complications.
ResultsA 25y Year old woman, 22 weeks pregnant, who lives with her partner. She has no background in mental health. Paternal aunt diagnosed with type I Bipolar Disorder. She goes to the Mental Health Center for evaluation, due to anxiety and depressive symptoms of 4 weeks of evolution, she refers sadness and apathy, continuous crying, somatic anxiety and obsessive ruminations in relation to childbirth and inability to care for your child. Suicidal ideation as a resolution of her discomfort. She presents with global insomnia and a significant loss of appetite, with a weight loss of 3 kg. Treatment with sertraline 50 mg/day was started, with good tolerance and clinical response
ConclusionsThe psychopharmacological treatment of antenatal depression is a challenge for the psychiatric professional. In all cases, an adequate balance must be made between the risks and complications for the fetus and the psychopathological stability of the pregnant woman. Among the main risks of untreated depression are: preterm delivery and low birth weight, an increased risk of suicide and alterations in the development during the baby’s infancy. The most used antidepressants are the SSRIs, with sertraline being a good option. Paroxetine has been associated with cardiac defects in the newborn. There are studies with tricyclics and duals but no specific teratogenic pattern has been seen. They are associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion. Exposure during the third trimester may be associated with obstetric complications.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Major Depressive Disorder Across Development and Course of Illness: A Functional Neuroimaging Meta-Analysis
- C. Baten, A. M. Klassen, J. H. Shepherd, G. Zamora, E. Pritchard, S. Saravia, Z. Ali, J. Jordan, S. K. Kahlon, G. Maly, M. Duran, S. Santos, A. F. Nimarko, D. W. Hedges, P. Hamilton, I. H. Gotlib, M. D. Sacchet, C. H. Miller
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S345-S346
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Introduction
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used to identify the neural activity of both youth and adults diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) in comparison to healthy age-matched controls. Previously reported abnormalities in depressed youth appear to mostly align with those found in depressed adults; however, some of the reported aberrant brain activity in youth has not been consistent with what is observed in adults, and to our knowledge there has not yet been a formal, quantitative comparison of these two groups. In addition, it is not known whether these observed differences between youth and adults with depression are attributable to developmental age or length-of-illness.
ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to elucidate the similarities and differences in patterns of abnormal neural activity between adults and youth diagnosed with MDD and to then determine whether these observed differences are due to either developmental age or length-of-illness.
MethodsWe used multilevel kernel density analysis (MKDA) with ensemble thresholding and triple subtraction to separately determine neural abnormalities throughout the whole brain in primary studies of depressed youth and depressed adults and then directly compare the observed abnormalities between each of those age groups. We then conducted further comparisons between multiple subgroups to control for age and length-of-illness and thereby determine the source of the observed differences between youth and adults with depression.
ResultsAdults and youth diagnosed with MDD demonstrated reliable, differential patterns of abnormal activation in various brain regions throughout the cerebral cortex that are statistically significant (p < .05; FWE-corrected). In addition, several of these brain regions that exhibited differential patterns of neural activation between the two age groups can be reliably attributed to either developmental age or length-of-illness.
ConclusionsThese findings indicate that there are common and disparate patterns of brain activity between youth and adults with MDD, several of which can be reliably attributed to developmental age or length-of-illness. These results expand our understanding of the neural basis of depression across development and course of illness and may be used to inform the development of new, age-specific clinical treatments as well as prevention strategies for this disorder.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Anorexia Nervosa and Autism Spectrum Disorder: what links them?
- C. M. Santos, A. Quintão, D. Jeremias, M. Fraga
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S523
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Introduction
According to the literature, about 35% of patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) also have a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and this comorbidity occurs more frequently in males.
ObjectivesWith this work, the authors intend to address the characteristics present in this comorbidity and what is the impact of this comorbidity in the diagnosis, approach and prognosis of AN.
MethodsNon-systematic research of the literature through the PubMed database with the terms “autism spectrum disorder” and “anorexia nervosa”. Only surveys conducted in the last 10 years were considered for inclusion.
ResultsAlthough AN and ASD may seem to be quite distinct conditions, the studies found suggest the existence of four characteristics that overlap the two diagnoses: deficits in theory of mind, inability to switch between courses of action fluently, inability to see the whole pictures to the detriment of detail and alexithymia. Studies also point to greater resistance to treatment in AN when an ASD is present in comorbidity.
ConclusionsScientific evidence suggests that autistic characteristics in people with AN are not a consequence of being underweight, but rather stable characteristics present before and after the onset of AN. The studies thus conclude that comorbidity between the two disorders exists and is frequent enough to warrant greater attention to the diagnosis of ASD in people with AN. However, there are still no specific guidelines for the treatment of AN in people with ASD, which leads to a worse response to treatment, evolution and prognosis of AN in people with ASD.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
“I don’t want to go anywhere”: A qualitative study with patients with Graves’ Disease and Ophthalmopathy interviewed at a public university specialized outpatient service in Brazil
- E. R. Turato, L. S. Valladão, D. E. Zantut-Wittmann, C. F. Casagrande, F. S. Santos
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S767-S768
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Introduction
Knowing what “kind of patient” search the doctor is relevant to handle his/her treatment and care. What emotional meanings do people attach to their diagnosis, therapy, and care in general? Graves’ Disease has an impact on the metabolism, which directly affects behavior. Patients can be affected by Graves’ Ophthalmopathy at any stage of the disease. This usually leads to greater changes in facial physiognomy which may or may not be accompanied by typical symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Changes in appearance and visual symptoms often lead to a rapid search for treatment. Understanding the symbolic aspects of the condition can help clinicians to manage emotionally, leading to substantial improvements such as the adhesion to the treatment.
ObjectivesTo understand and interpret psychodynamically the perceptions and emotional meanings related to Graves’ Disease with Ophthalmopathy and hyperthyroidism as reported by patients at an endocrinology-specialized outpatient service.
MethodsClinical-qualitative design of Turato. Data is collected using Semi-directed interviews with open-ended questions in-depth carried out with patients at an specialized outpatient service. Interview material was audio-recorded and fully transcribed. The material was treated by Clinical-Qualitative Content Analysis of Faria-Schützer. It is based on psychodynamic concepts from the Medical Psychology theoretical framework, and which main author is Michael Balint. The sample will be closed by the Theoretical Saturation of Information criterion according Fontanella. The interviewer was a male psychologist and doctoral student in the Health Mental Area. The finding validation has occurred by peers at the Laboratory of Clinical-Qualitative Research, State University of Campinas.
ResultsThis presentation refers to partial findings from a sample of a total of three participants as part of the doctoral project by the first author. The analysis of data collected so far indicates three designed categories of analysis: 1) “I wasn’t like that before”: impacts on physiognomy - the perception of social stigma and the difficulty of managing the illness. 2) “This disease is a mess”: the symptoms affect all aspects of the patient’s life. 3) Problematic emotions management: double anxiety in hyperthyroidism - hormonally based anxiety and psychological anxiety related to the impact of the medical diagnosis.
ConclusionsThe findings shall aid medical personnel in better grasping patients’ emotional perceptions of their illness and medical care. The level of communication between the professional and the patient can be improved by involving the patient as an active protagonist in the well-being process. This could also lead to more effective management and greater adherence to the therapeutic process.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Effects of cognitive rehabilitation interventions on non-central nervous system cancer survivors: A meta-analysis
- A. F. Oliveira, J. D. Reis, I. M. Santos, A. Torres
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S116-S117
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Introduction
Cancer treatments can have a detrimental impact on cancer survivors’ cognitive function. Cognitive rehabilitation is considered the first-line intervention to address cognitive difficulties of cancer survivors. Nevertheless, its efficacy remains unclear.
ObjectivesThis meta-analysis aimed to understand the effects of cognitive rehabilitation in non-central system (non-CNS) cancer survivors, through the assessment of the overall efficacy on subjective cognitive outcomes.
MethodsThis meta-analysis was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis statement. An electronic search on the databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted in May 2021, considering the past 15 years, by two independent authors. Studies were eligible if they included cancer survivors (excluding CNS cancers) who were exposed to cognitive rehabilitation interventions, in which the subjective cognitive effects were measured through self-report questionnaires. The quality of studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials. The effect size was the standardized mean difference in the cognitive assessment, between baseline and post-intervention. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using I2 Statistic. Publication bias was evaluated with Egger’s test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. The meta-analysis was performed using R software.
ResultsAmong 14 studies, with 1115 cancer survivors, one study included a pediatric population, other young adult survivors, and the remaining adult population. The most used scale for measuring cognitive changes was the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function (FACT-Cog) and, as recommended, the Perceived Cognitive Impairments (PCI) subscale was used as the primary measure of subjective cognitive function. Results indicated beneficial effects following cognitive rehabilitation, with an overall standard mean difference between pre- and post-treatment of 3.4447, with CI95% [1.5543; 5.3350], p-value<0.0004. The subgroup analysis between the measures of cognitive outcomes showed that the heterogeneity is Group=Other 0.00% (I2) and for the Group=FACT-Cog PCI is 86% (I2). Analyzing the FACT-Cog PCI, the CI95% [-2.93; 6.43] includes 0, meaning that the overall effect in this subgroup is non-significant. The meta-analysis does not demonstrate publication bias (p-value of the Egger test=0.3220).
ConclusionsImprovement of cognitive function in non-CNS survivors throughout cognitive rehabilitation appears to be effective. The findings of this meta-analysis can help inform clinical practice and assist practitioners in recommending and developing interventions of cognitive rehabilitation and deciding how to evaluate them. Further research is required to strengthen this evidence.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Major Depressive Disorder in Youth: A Meta-Analysis of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies
- G. Zamora, C. Baten, A. M. Klassen, J. H. Shepherd, E. Pritchard, S. Saravia, Z. Ali, J. Jordan, S. K. Kahlon, G. Maly, M. Duran, S. L. Santos, A. F. Nimarko, D. W. Hedges, J. P. Hamilton, I. H. Gotlib, M. D. Sacchet, C. H. Miller
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S219-S220
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Introduction
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent mental illness that frequently originates in early development and is pervasive during adolescence. Despite its high prevalence and early age of onset, our understanding of the potentially unique neural basis of MDD in this age group is still not well understood, and the existing primary literature on the topic includes many new and divergent results. This limited understanding of MDD in youth presents a critical need to further investigate its neural basis in youth and presents an opportunity to also improve clinical treatments that target its neural abnormalities.
ObjectivesThe present study aims to advance our understanding of the neural basis of MDD in youth by identifying abnormal functional activation in various brain regions compared with healthy controls.
MethodsWe conducted a meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of MDD by using a well-established method, multilevel kernel density analysis (MKDA) with ensemble thresholding, to quantitatively combine all existing whole-brain fMRI studies of MDD in youth compared with healthy controls. This method involves a voxel-wise, whole-brain approach, that compares neural activation of patients with MDD to age-matched healthy controls across variations of task-based conditions, which we subcategorize into affective processing, executive functioning, positive valence, negative valence, and symptom provocation tasks.
ResultsYouth with MDD exhibited statistically significant (p<0.05; FWE-corrected) hyperactivation and hypoactivation in multiple brain regions compared with age-matched healthy controls. These results include significant effects that are stable across various tasks as well as some that appear to depend on task conditions.
ConclusionsThis study strengthens our understanding of the neural basis of MDD in youth and may also be used to help identify possible similarities and differences between youth and adults with depression. It may also help inform the development of new treatment interventions and tools for predicting unique treatment responses in youth with depression.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
How sexuality is affected and managed in patients under antipsychotic drugs
- F. Ribeirinho Soares, B. Mesquita, A. M. Fraga, M. Albuquerque, J. O. Facucho, P. E. Santos, D. E. Sousa, N. Moura, P. Cintra
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S1057
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Introduction
Sexual dysfunction (SD) is a prevalent side effect of antipsychotic drugs (AP), and it impairs patients’ quality of life. Because of the distress caused by it, it should be borne in mind when prescribed since it is responsible for treatment nonadherence or discontinuation. SD affects about 45- 80% of males and 30-80% of females that take it. In SD, all phases of the sexual response cycle may be compromised.
ObjectivesThis non-systematic review of the literature aims to better understand the antipsychotic-induced SD and its management to better compliance of AP-treated patients without compromising their quality of life.
MethodsA semi-structured review on PubMed linking SD as a side effect of AP drugs.
ResultsAll AP drugs can cause SD. It seems related to their mechanism of activity at receptors D2, 5-HT2, α1, H1, and M, which are also involved in sexual function. They do it by diminishing arousal, decreasing libido by blocking motivation and reward system and orgasm indirectly, provoking erectile dysfunction by vasodilatation, and decreasing woman lubrification. Hyperprolactinemia is a significant cause of sexual dysfunctions. Haloperidol, Risperidone, and Amisulpride (prolactin elevating AP) are more likely to cause SD than Olanzapine, Clozapine, Quetiapine, and Aripiprazole (prolactin sparing AP). Although psychotic disorders (Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders) can impact sexual functioning, according to evidence, there is no denying the role of AP in this issue. Aripiprazole, a D2 partial agonist, has been associated with lower rates of SD and seems to reduce the rates of SD in patients previously treated with other AP. Other AP with the same potential dopamine agonist activity, such as Cariprazine and Brexpiprazole, can probably have the same effect. The management of SD induced by AP drugs should include measuring serum prolactin and modifying risk factors like hypertension, smoking, hyperglycemia, and hypercholesterolemia. In that regard, waiting for spontaneous remission, reducing the dose of the AP prescribed, or switching to Aripiprazole are all viable strategies, if possible. Although the evidence supporting the addition of symptomatic therapies is weak, adding dopaminergic drugs (amantadine, bromocriptine, cabergoline) or drugs with specific effects on sexual functioning (such as phosphodiesterase inhibitors or yohimbine) may be helpful in selected cases.
ConclusionsAlthough all AP drugs can cause sexual dysfunction, it is difficult to determine its true prevalence accurately. AP-induced sexual dysfunction can adversely affect compliance and is one of the factors that must be considered when selecting treatment. In summarizing, Aripiprazole has shown to be the AP with the most favorable profile concerning SD. Cariprazine and Brexpiprazole, being also D2 partial agonists, may cause less SD.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
I don’t know where I’m going or where I come from. Self-disorders in schizophrenia.
- M. D. C. Vallecillo Adame, L. Rodríguez Andrés, C. de Andrés Lobo, T. Jimenez Aparicio, M. Queipo de Llano de la Viuda, G. Guerra Valera, A. A. Gonzaga Ramirez, M. Fernández Lozano, M. J. Mateos Sexmero, N. Navarro Barriga, B. Rodríguez Rodríguez, M. P. Pando Fernández, M. Calvo Valcárcel, P. Martínez Gimeno, M. A. Andreo Vidal, I. D. L. M. Santos Carrasco
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S1069-S1070
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Introduction
In the early stages of schizophrenia the person experiences feelings of strangeness about themselves, difficulty in making sense of things and difficulty in interacting with their environment. Based on this, self-disorder assessment instruments have been developed and empirical studies have been conducted to assess people at risk of developing a schizophrenia spectrum disorder. These studies show that self-disorders are found in pre-psychotic stages and that their manifestation can predict the transition to schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
ObjectivesWe present the case of a patient with multiple diagnoses and mainly dissociative symptoms who, after years of evolution, was diagnosed with schizophrenia.
MethodsBibliographic review including the latest articles in Pubmed about self-disorders and schizophrenia.
ResultsWe present the clinical case of a 51-year-old woman with a long history of follow-up in mental health consultations and with multiple hospital admissions to the psychiatric unit, with several diagnoses including: dissociative disorder, histrionic personality disorder, adaptive disorder unspecified psychotic disorder and, finally, schizophrenia. The patient during the first hospital admissions showed a clinical picture of intense anxiety, disorientation and claiming to be a different person. The patient related these episodes to stressors she had experienced, and they improved markedly after a short period of hospital admission. Later, psychotic symptoms appeared in the form of auditory and visual hallucinations and delusional ideation, mainly of harm, so that after several years of follow-up and study in mental health consultations and in the psychiatric day hospital, she was diagnosed with schizophrenia and treatment with antipsychotics was introduced, with a marked clinical improvement being observed.
ConclusionsIt is important to take into account this type of symptoms (self-disorders), as they allow the identification of individuals in the early stages of the disorder and create the opportunity for early therapeutic interventions.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Relationship between CAINS negative symptoms and cognition, psychosocial functioning and quality of life in patients with a first psychotic episode of schizophrenia
- R. Rodriguez-Jimenez, L. García-Fernández, V. Romero-Ferreiro, M. Valtueña García, A. I. Aparicio, J. M. Espejo-Saavedra, L. Sánchez-Pastor, A. Nuñez-Doyle, M. Dompablo, O. Jiménez-Rodríguez, D. Rentero, P. Fernández-Sotos, I. Martínez-Gras, J. L. Santos
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S641-S642
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Introduction
Negative symptoms has been classically associated with cognition, psychosocial functioning and quality of life in patients with schizophrenia. But negative symptoms are not a unitary construct, encompassing two different factors: diminished expression, and motivation and pleasure. Few works have studied the relationship between these two different negative symptoms factors and cognition (neuro and social cognition), psychosocial functioning and quality of life, jointly, in patients with a first psychotic episode of schizophrenia.
ObjectivesThe objective of the present work was to study, in a sample of patients with a first psychotic episode of schizophrenia, the relationship between the negative symptoms (diminished expression and motivation and pleasure) and neurocognition, social cognition, functioning and quality of life.
MethodsThe study was carried out with 82 outpatients with a first psychotic episode of schizophrenia from two Spanish hospitals (“12 de Octubre” University Hospital, Madrid and “Virgen de la Luz” Hospital, Cuenca). The patients were assessed with the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS) for evaluating diminished expression (EXP) and motivation and pleasure (MAP) symptoms, the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) for evaluating neurocognition and social cognition, the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS), and the Quality of Life Scale (QLS).
ResultsA negative correlation was found between neurocognition and the two negative symptoms subscales: CAINS-EXP (r=-0.458, p<0.001) and CAINS-MAP (r=-0.374, p<0.001); but with social cognition only CAINS-EXP was correlated (r=-0.236, p=0.033). Also, it was found a high negative correlation between SOFAS scores and CAINS-MAP (r=-0.717, p<0.001); and a medium negative correlation with CAINS-EXP (r=-0.394, p<0.001). Finally, QLS score was high correlated with both CAINS subscales: CAINS-EXP (r=-0.681, p<0.001) and CAINS-MAP (r=-0.770, p<0.001).
ConclusionsThis study found a relationship between negative symptoms and neurocognition, social cognition, functioning and quality of life in a sample of patients with a first psychotic episode of schizophrenia. But the two different negative symptom factors, diminished expression, and motivation and pleasure, are associated differently with psychosocial functioning, but especially with social cognition where the relationship was only found with diminished expression symptoms.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Late diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and cocaine abuse
- C. De Andrés Lobo, C. Vallecillo Adame, T. Jiménez Aparicio, M. Queipo de Llano de la Viuda, G. Guerra Valera, A. A. Gonzaga Ramírez, M. Fernández Lozano, N. Navarro Barriga, M. J. Mateos Sexmero, B. Rodríguez Rodríguez, M. Calvo Valcárcel, M. Andreo Vidal, M. P. Pando Fernández, P. Martínez Gimeno, I. D. L. M. Santos Carrasco, J. I. Gonçalves Cerejeira, A. Rodríguez Campos
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S335-S336
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Introduction
Adult ADHD diagnosis sometimes represents a challenge for the clinician, due to the comorbid psychiatric diseases that are often associated and which complicate de recognition of the primary symptoms of ADHD. The prevalence of ADHD in adult populations is 2’5% and it is a relevant cause of functional impairment.
ObjectivesPresentation of a clinical case of a male cocaine user diagnosed with adult ADHD.
MethodsLiterature review on adult ADHD and comorbid substance abuse.
ResultsA 43-year-old male who consulted in the Emergency Department due to auditory hallucinosis in the context of an increase in his daily cocaine use. There were not delusional symptoms associated and judgment of reality was preserved. Treatment with olanzapine was started and the patient was referred for consultation. In psychiatry consultations, he did not refer sensory-perceptual alterations anymore, nor appeared any signals to suspect so, and he was willing to abandon cocaine use after a few appointments. He expressed some work concerns, highlighting that in recent months, in the context of a greater workload, he had been given several traffic tickets for “distractions.” His wife explained that he had always been a inattentive person (he forgets important dates or appointments) and impulsive, sometimes interrupting conversations. In the Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale he scored 32 points.
He was diagnosed with adult ADHD and treatment with extended-release methylphenidate was started with good tolerance and evolution, with improvement in adaptation to his job and social environment. Since then, the patient has moderately reduced the consumption of drugs, although he continues to use cocaine very sporadically.
ConclusionsEarly detection of ADHD and its comorbidities has the potential to change the course of the disorder and the morbidity that will occur later in adults. Comorbidity in adult ADHD is rather the norm than the exception, and it renders diagnosis more difficult. The most frequent comorbidities are usually mood disorders, substance use disorders, and personality disorders. Treatment of adult ADHD consists mainly of pharmacotherapy supported by behavioral interventions. When ADHD coexists with another disorder, the one that most compromises functionality will be treated first and they can be treated simultaneously. The individual characteristics of each patient must be taken into account to choose the optimal treatment.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
European Journal of Psychiatric Trainees - a new scientific peer-reviewed Journal in Psychiatry
- F. Santos Martins, M. J. Santos, L. Afonso Fernandes, D. Cavaleri, M. Pinto da Costa, N. Žaja, K. Markin, L. Tomašić, H. Ryland, J. D King, L. E Stirland, A. Seker
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S1118-S1119
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Introduction
Psychiatry training programs vary in the degree to which they offer trainees with an opportunity to get involved in research. Exposure to research during the training period is critical, as this is usually when trainees start their own scientific research projects and gain their first experiences in academic publishing.
ObjectivesWe present the European Journal of Psychiatric Trainees (EJPT) (ejpt.scholasticahq.com), the official journal of the European Federation of Psychiatric Trainees (EFPT), including its scope, mission and vision and practical considerations.
MethodsReflecting on the foundation and operation of the European Journal of Psychiatric Trainees.
ResultsThe European Journal of Psychiatric Trainees is an Open Access, double blind peer-reviewed journal which aims to publish original and innovative research as well as clinical, theory, perspective and policy articles, and reviews in the field of psychiatric training, psychiatry and mental health. Its mission is to encourage research on psychiatric training and inspire scientific engagement by psychiatric trainees. Work conducted by psychiatric trainees and studies of training in psychiatry are prioritized. The journal is open to submissions, and while articles from psychiatric trainees are prioritized, submissions within scope from others are also encouraged. The article processing fee is very low and waivable. It is planned to publish two issues yearly.
The first article was published in July 2022, titled “Fluoxetine misuse by snorting in a teenager: a case report” and it received 218 views as of 17 October 2022, which confirms the journal’s potential for visibility.
ConclusionsThe European Journal of Psychiatric Trainees is a non-profit initiative designed to offer psychiatric trainees a platform to publish and gain experience in publishing. Thanks to its robust double blind peer reviewing system, it has the potential to contribute to scientific excellence.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Psychosomatic symptoms according to psychiatric diagnosis
- R. Fernández Fernández, L. Fontecha Banegas, C. Suárez Pérez, D. Gómez Olmeda, I. D. L. M. Santos Carrasco
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S299
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Introduction
Psychosomatic symptoms are an important problem that is frequently presented in medical consultations. These symptoms are often associated with psychiatric disorders, especially depressive and anxiety disorders.
ObjectivesTo study the association between anxiety disorders and psychosomatic symptoms in a sample of patients referred for pathology of functional origin.
MethodsWe made a descriptive retrospective study through the use of electronic medical records. The symptom onset and diagnosis were obtained for all patients referred to outpatients for psychosomatic symptoms during a 1-year period. We performed χ² Tests to assess the association of the diagnosis with the occurrence of psychosomatic symptoms.
ResultsThe only diagnosis that presented statistically significant association was anxiety disorder (χ² = 11.1; p<0.001).
Anxiety disorder Psychosomatic symptoms No Si Total No Observed 312 7 319 Expected 306 13.47 319 Yes Observed 119 12 131 Expected 125 5.53 131 Total Observed 431 19 450 Expected 431 19 450 ConclusionsOur study finds results that follow the line of other studies that show this association, such as Campo’s study which finds that functional somatic symptoms are consistently associated cross-sectionally with anxiety and depressive symptoms (Campo, 2012) or Imran’s study which finds that higher levels of somatization independently and significantly predicted higher anxiety (β=.37, p=.0001) (Imran et al., 2013). However, our results show no association with depressive disorders whereas frequent associations are found in the literature; for example, a recent meta-analysis found that neuroticism and depression had the strongest influence on the association of medically unexplained physical symptoms and frequent healthcare use (den Boeft et al., 2016). This lack of association is probably due to greater ease in identifying depressive disorders as the main pathology versus anxiety disorders.
ReferencesCampo J. V. (2012). Annual research review: functional somatic symptoms and associated anxiety and depression--developmental psychopathology in pediatric practice. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 53(5), 575–592. den Boeft, M., Twisk, J. W., Terluin, B., Penninx, B. W., van Marwijk, H. W., Numans, M. E., van der Wouden, J. C., & van der Horst, H. E. (2016). The association between medically unexplained physical symptoms and health care use over two years and the influence of depressive and anxiety disorders and personality traits: a longitudinal study. BMC health services research, 16, 100
Imran, N., Ani, C., Mahmood, Z., Hassan, K. A., & Bhatti, M. R. (2014). Anxiety and depression predicted by medically unexplained symptoms in Pakistani children: a case-control study. Journal of psychosomatic research, 76(2), 105–112.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared